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ملخص
ماذا تكون مبادئ الادارة الأربعة عشر ؟
ال 14مبادئ للادارة من هنري فول 1841-1925:
تنظيم التخصصات فى العمل. التخصص يسمح للفرد أن يبنىّ الخبرة ، وباستمرار يحسن مهاراته. وبذلك يستطيع ان يصبح أكثر انتاجا.
السلطة. الحق لاصدار أوامر ، مع اهمية توازن المسؤولية مع عمله.
الانضباط. ينبغي على الموظفات الطاعة ، غير أنّ هذا ثنائى الجانب: سيطيع الموظفين الاوامر فقط إن لعبت الادارة ادوارها بتوفير القيادة الجيدة.
توحد اصدار الاوامر. يجب ان يكون لكلّ عامل رئيس واحد وبدون التعارض مع التسلسل القيادى.
توحد الاتّجاهات. الاشخاص التى تتشابك فى نفس نمط الأنشطة ينبغي ان تكون لديها نفس الأهداف للخطة الوحيدة. هذا أساسيّ لضمان وحدة وتنسيق في المشروع. لا تتواجد وحدة الأمر دون وحدة الاتّجاه ولكن ليس بالضرورة ان يكون نفس التدفق
التابع من الاهتمام الفردى إلى الفائدة العامة. الادارة ينبغي ان تكون لديها أهداف الشركات ذات الاولولية دائم
الأجر. الاجور حوافز هامة رغم أنّ هناك العديد من البدائل ، فويل يشير أنّ ليس هناك نظام متكامل.
المركزية أو اللامركزيّة. هذا الأمر يعتمد على شروط العمل ومهارة الاشخاص
التسلسل القياسى - تسلسل التفويض. التدرج ضرورى لوحدة الاتّجاه. حيث أنّ الاتصالات الجانبيّة أساسية أيضا ، ولكن الافضلية تصبح للاتصالات . يحيل التسلسل القياسى الى رقم مستويات التدرج للسلطة النهائيّة حتى المستوى الاقل في المنظمة فيجب الا تكون ممتدة طويلا وتتألّف مع مستويات كثيرة جدا.
تَسَلسُل. الطلب المادّى والطلب الاجتماعى ضروريان كل على حدّ سواء . الامور الرسمية يقلّل الوقت الضائع والتداول الغير مفيد للخامات. الاخير يتحقق من خلال المنظمة و الإنتقاء.
العدالة. في ادارة عمل فان إدماج المساواة مع العدالة هام ومعاملة الموظفين حسنا هام لتحقيق العدالة
استقرار مناصب الافراد يعمل الموظفين على نحو أفضل إن كان الامان والتقدم المهنى متوفر لهم. حيث ان المنصب الغير مستقر و المعدل العالى لترك الوظائف (معدل دوران الوظائف) سيوثر على المنظمة بالعكس.
المبادرة. السماح لكلّ الافراد أن تبدي مبادرتهم بشكل ما كمصدر لقوة المنظمة . حتى اذا تتضمنت التضحية شىء ما عديم القيمة من شخصيّة كثير من المدراء.
روح المهنة الادارة ينبغي ان تعزّز من معنوية الموظفين. و الاكثر من ذلك يقترح أنّ: الموهبة الحقيقيّة لازمة لتنسيّق الجهد ، تشجيع الحماسة ، باستعمال قدرات كلّ شخص ، ومكافأة كل فرد يستحق دون اثارة الغيرة وازعاج العلاقات التوافقيّة
5 وظائف للإدارة (فايول)
كجزء من النشاط "الإداري" ، يميز المسؤول - الذي نسميه اليوم المدير ، فايول خمس وظائف:
التنبؤ بالمستقبل. التنبؤ و التخطيط . فحص المستقبل و رسم خطة عمل. العناصر الإستراتيجية.
للتنظيم. انشاء البنية ، لكل من الخامات و العامل البشرى ، من المشروع.
للتحكم. رؤية أنّ كلّ شيء تحدث وفق قوعد اساسية ويتم اصدار الأمر تبعيا.
أصل ال 14 مبادئ للادارة. التاريخ
كان هنري فويل (1841-1925) صاحب نظريات الادارة الفرنسية و حيث كانت تلك النظريات في الادارة وتنظيم العمل مؤثّرة على نحو واسع في بداية القرن العشرين. وقد كان مهندس تنقيب ويعمل لشركة التنقيب الفرنسيّة كمّنتر-فوورشمبوولت-دكزفيلّ ، كمهندس أول. بعد ذلك انتقل الى الادارة وأصبح المدير العام من 1888 إلى 1918. أثناء توليه لمنصب المدير العام قام بكتابة كتب عديدة فى الادارة وفي 1916 اصدرت نشرة دى لا سسيتى دى انداسترال مينيرال ، وطبع كتابه الشهير عن الادارة في 1949 ظهرت الترجمة الأولى الإنجليزيّة: الادارة العامة و الصناعية من كونستانس ستورز
إستعمال ال 14 مبدا للادارة. التطبيقات
التغير والتنظيم.
اتخاذ القرار.
المهارات. يمكن ان تستخدم لتحسين الفعالية الأساسيّة من المدير.
علينا الفهم أنّ الادارة يمكن ان ترى كتشكيل للعديد من الأنشطة ، التى يمكن ان تصنف و تجمع.
كتاب: Henri Fayol - General and Industrial Management
المجموعة ذات الاهتمام المشترك
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مصادر المعلومات المختلفة المتعلقة مبادئ الادارة الأربعة عشر. هنا سوف تجد POWERPOINTS، وأشرطة الفيديو، والأخبار، وما إلى ذلك لاستخدامها في المحاضرات وورش العمل الخاصة بك.
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